The USA’s Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP)
 
COSEPUP’s report Reshaping the Graduate Education of Scientists and Engineers (1995), showed that students need to be flexibly prepared for a range of careers and urged that graduate education be revised so as to prepare students better for productive and satisfying careers.

Discussions during and after the preparation of Reshaping indicated the need for a guide for students who are planning their education and professional careers. The guide that emerged, Careers in Science and Engineering: A Student Planning Guide to Grad School and Beyond (1996), sought to help students take a broader view of the potential applications of their science and engineering education. A related student guide, which considers questions of ethics and scientific integrity, is On Being a Scientist: Responsible Conduct in Research (1995).

The European Charter for Researchers and Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers
http://europa.eu.int/eracareers/index_en.cfm?l1=15&CFID=1655217&CFTOKEN=eb61c29d36d2c83f-FB340BD2-09CF-2045-B9D91926E959F3C7

These recommendations were formally adopted by the European Commission  on 11 March 2005. The ultimate political goal of the recommendations is to contribute to the development of an attractive, open and sustainable European labour market for researchers,  allowing the recruitment and retention of high quality researchers in environments conducive to effective performance and productivity.The Charter provides a set of general principles and requirements for the roles, requirements and entitlements of both researchers and their employers/funders. The Code of Conduct sets out some specific guidelines for the recruitment of researchers.